Challenges of Implementing the ECOWAS Protocol on Transhumance Across Member States, Agrarian Livelihood Protection, and Ecological Sustainability

The chapter examines challenges impeding the effective implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol on Transhumance across member states, impacting agrarian livelihoods and ecological stability in West Africa. Anchored on the Systems Thinking approach it “argues” among others that lack of consideration for local contexts during policy formulation, induces and aggravates tensions and conflicts between transhumance communities and host populations. Similarly, diverse legal frameworks and weak enforcement structures exacerbate disparities in implementation, further threatening agrarian livelihoods. The oversight in anticipating future trends, such as population growth and ecological changes, compounds these challenges. The findings underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive protocol revision, emphasising the importance of considering local contexts, involving stakeholders, and anticipating future trends for sustainable management. Addressing these challenges is crucial for conflict resolution, preserving agrarian livelihoods, and promoting ecological sustainability in the region.