Empowering nonspeaking autistic participants and neurotypical researchers in qualitative research through Ethical listening: a framework: Listening Beyond Words: Empowering Nonspeaking Autistic Individuals in Research

This article presents a framework for recording and interpreting non-verbal communication in multi-disciplinary research and practice with non-speaking autistic individuals. By focusing on non-verbal communication through ethical listening, the aim is to empower professionals to record authentic autistic voices. The framework recommends combining tools such as video recordings, behaviour checklists and autism-affirming theories as ethical listening enablers. Some theorists have proposed effective models to enhance autistic engagement in research, but there is a gap in tools for improving feedback practices among professionals working with non-speaking individuals. This article addresses that gap by offering a framework developed through case studies with non-speaking participants. It helps professionals systematically record and interpret non-verbal communication, detailing the process from initial engagement to data analysis. The framework can be applied in education, health, social care and multi-disciplinary contexts, encouraging readers to modify their practices and challenge ableist norms.