In-toeing gait in children. A review of the literature

In-toeing gait in children is a common cause for parental concern. 30% of children in-toe at the age of 4 years but the condition persists in only 4% of adults. In conditions causing in-toeing, the lower limb may compensate at a number of levels; the knee joint; within the tibial bone; or within the subtalar joint of the foot. Resolution of in-toeing usually occurs spontaneously between the ages of 4 and 11 years unless a structural abnormality of the foot or leg exists. The vast majority of rotational variations fall within the broad range of normal, requiring no treatment.