Integrating Critical Race Theory into UK Healthcare Training: Transforming Education to Tackle Institutional Racism in the Health Sector

Institutional racism remains a significant barrier within the UK National Health Service (NHS), disproportionately affecting the career progression, wellbeing, and experiences of Global Ethnic Majority (GEM) staff. While existing policies address diversity, they often fail to dismantle the embedded structural and cultural inequities that propagate these disparities. Critical Race Theory (CRT), with its focus on understanding and addressing systemic racism, offers a transformative framework for healthcare training. This study explores the lived experiences of GEM staff within the NHS and examines how integrating CRT principles into healthcare training can address institutional racism and foster a more inclusive work environment. A qualitative research design was employed, utilising semi-structured interviews with 15 GEM NHS staff across various roles, grades and trusts. Participants were recruited purposely to capture diverse perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns related to systemic barriers, discriminatory practices, and perceived gaps in existing training.
Findings revealed recurring themes of micro-aggressions, exclusion from leadership opportunities, and lack of effective support mechanisms. Participants highlighted the inadequacy of current diversity training in addressing power dynamics and systemic bias. Integrating CRT principles into training was perceived as essential for challenging institutional racism, fostering critical self-reflection, and promoting allyship. The study underscores the need for CRT-informed healthcare training to confront institutional racism within the NHS. The study shows that embedding CRT into education can empower staff, managers and policy makers to recognise and challenge systemic inequalities, ultimately improving workplace culture and patient care. Furthermore, it outlines training programmes to equip staff with practical tools and strategies for combating racism, improving cultural competence, and advocating for systemic reform. This paper outlines a comprehensive model for CRT integration, demonstrating its potential to transform training and advance racial equity within the NHS.