@inbook{5e00c038f7374b0ba48570cc6b386475,
title = "Self-organisation and fracture connectivity in rapidly heated continental crust",
abstract = "Volume expansion (∼1-5% volume strain with ΔVmeltingpositive) and fluid-absent partial melting, in which ΔVmeltingis positive, of continental crust by intruding basaltic magma is a strongly irreversible process involving the dissipation of both thermal energy and matter (partial melt). Using a simple random graph model we show by analogy how isolated fractures that form during rapid thermal perturbation in the source region can combine to form a single, interconnected structure with high permeability. Once connected, the fracture network may be thought of as a single structure or pattern that will remain stable so long as a strong temperature gradient is maintained in the source region. Estimates of fracture permeability that take into account changes in connectivity and fracture spacing range from approximately 10-10to 10-5m2, many orders of magnitude greater than values considered typical during large-scale crustal deformation and prograde regional metamorphism. The ability of the isotropic fracture network to develop a top-bottom directionality is crucial for buoyancy-driven melt transport. A physical model based on non-linear evolution rules during thermal expansion is given that predicts the emergence of directionality (vertical fracture alignment) on a time scale of the order of 105y. The necessary ingredients are a deviatoric strain path, a heterogeneous medium and a stiffness that evolves as a function of the local strain. {\textcopyright} 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",
author = "Nick Petford and {Curt Koenders}, {M. A.}",
year = "1998",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00081-9",
language = "English",
isbn = "0191-8141",
volume = "20",
series = "Journal of Structural Geology",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
pages = "1425--1434",
booktitle = "Journal of Structural Geology",
address = "United Kingdom",
}