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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Greater symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) are commonly reported after eccentric-based exercises than other contraction modes [1], which may confer a greater protective effect (repeated-bout effect) from EIMD symptoms in subsequent exercise bouts [2]. Various eccentric exercise modes are frequently investigated in research and used in athletic settings, therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of downhill running (DHR), drop jumps (DJ) and isokinetic eccentric contractions (Isok) on functional, molecular and perceptual EIMD measures.
METHODS: Participants were randomised into either one of three experimental groups (DHR [N = 6], Isok [N = 6], DJ [N = 6]) with DHR (30 min, ~70%VO2max, 15% decline), Isok (100 unilateral isokinetic eccentric contractions at 50% MVC), and DJ (100 drop jumps from a height of 0.6 m; 5 sets of 20 jumps with 1 min rest between sets). Maximum voluntary isometric contraction of knee extensor force, perception of pain, and creatine kinase (CK) concentration were measured before and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after eccentric exercise using dynamometry, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and reflectance photometry, respectively.
RESULTS: A significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase was detected in CK at all time points from baseline for DHR (Mean Δ 24hr = 75%, 48hr = 74%, 72hr = 34%, 96hr = 27%), DJ (Mean Δ 24hr = 82%, 48hr = 83%, 72hr = 65%, 96hr = 62%) and Isok (Mean Δ 24hr = 51%, 48hr = 29%, 72hr = 28%, 96hr = 13%). Similarly, there was a significant decrease in MVC at all time points from baseline for DHR (Mean Δ 24hr = 14%, 48hr = 10%, 72hr = 7%, 96hr = 5%), DJ (Mean Δ 24hr = 22%, 48hr = 4%, 72hr = 7%, 96hr = 6%) and Isok (Mean Δ 24hr = 14%, 48hr = 12%, 72hr = 15%, 96hr = 10%). Finally, VAS was also significantly increased across all time points from baseline for DHR (Mean Δ 24hr = 57%, 48hr = 62%, 72hr = 55%, 96hr = 8%), DJ (Mean Δ 24hr = 61%, 48hr = 60%, 72hr = 33%, 96hr = 25% from baseline) and Isok (Mean Δ 24hr = 25%, 48hr = 13%, 72hr = 9%, 96hr = 0%). There was no significant difference between groups in any measure.
CONCLUSION: The significant functional impairment, elevated CK and pain evident for several days following different eccentric exercise modes have important implications for exercise prescription, performance and injury risk in the days after unaccustomed eccentric exercise. However, the similar temporal responses are indicative that the specific mode of eccentric contractions (DHR, DJ, Isok) did not differentially influence the magnitude of functional, molecular or perceptual EIMD responses.
1. Friden & Lieber (1992). Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24, 521-530.
2. Hody et al. (2019). Front Physiol. 10, 536.
METHODS: Participants were randomised into either one of three experimental groups (DHR [N = 6], Isok [N = 6], DJ [N = 6]) with DHR (30 min, ~70%VO2max, 15% decline), Isok (100 unilateral isokinetic eccentric contractions at 50% MVC), and DJ (100 drop jumps from a height of 0.6 m; 5 sets of 20 jumps with 1 min rest between sets). Maximum voluntary isometric contraction of knee extensor force, perception of pain, and creatine kinase (CK) concentration were measured before and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after eccentric exercise using dynamometry, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and reflectance photometry, respectively.
RESULTS: A significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase was detected in CK at all time points from baseline for DHR (Mean Δ 24hr = 75%, 48hr = 74%, 72hr = 34%, 96hr = 27%), DJ (Mean Δ 24hr = 82%, 48hr = 83%, 72hr = 65%, 96hr = 62%) and Isok (Mean Δ 24hr = 51%, 48hr = 29%, 72hr = 28%, 96hr = 13%). Similarly, there was a significant decrease in MVC at all time points from baseline for DHR (Mean Δ 24hr = 14%, 48hr = 10%, 72hr = 7%, 96hr = 5%), DJ (Mean Δ 24hr = 22%, 48hr = 4%, 72hr = 7%, 96hr = 6%) and Isok (Mean Δ 24hr = 14%, 48hr = 12%, 72hr = 15%, 96hr = 10%). Finally, VAS was also significantly increased across all time points from baseline for DHR (Mean Δ 24hr = 57%, 48hr = 62%, 72hr = 55%, 96hr = 8%), DJ (Mean Δ 24hr = 61%, 48hr = 60%, 72hr = 33%, 96hr = 25% from baseline) and Isok (Mean Δ 24hr = 25%, 48hr = 13%, 72hr = 9%, 96hr = 0%). There was no significant difference between groups in any measure.
CONCLUSION: The significant functional impairment, elevated CK and pain evident for several days following different eccentric exercise modes have important implications for exercise prescription, performance and injury risk in the days after unaccustomed eccentric exercise. However, the similar temporal responses are indicative that the specific mode of eccentric contractions (DHR, DJ, Isok) did not differentially influence the magnitude of functional, molecular or perceptual EIMD responses.
1. Friden & Lieber (1992). Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24, 521-530.
2. Hody et al. (2019). Front Physiol. 10, 536.
| Original language | English |
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| Publication status | Published - 2 Sept 2022 |
| Event | 27th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science - FIBES SEVILLA Conference Centre, Seville, Spain Duration: 31 Aug 2022 → 2 Sept 2022 https://sport-science.org/index.php/congress/ecss-sevilla-2022 |
Conference
| Conference | 27th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science |
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| Country/Territory | Spain |
| City | Seville |
| Period | 31/08/22 → 2/09/22 |
| Internet address |
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27th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science
Tony Kay (Participant)
31 Aug 2022 → 2 Sept 2022Activity: Organising a conference or workshop › Participating in a conference or workshop › Research